Free Psychology Books: Transpersonal in Psychology by Andrew Shorrock

Transpersonal in Psychology by Andrew Shorrock

Transpersonal psychology is a branch of psychology that recognizes and accepts spirituality as an important dimension of the human psyche and of the universal scheme of things. It also studies and honors the entire spectrum of human experience, including various levels and realms of the psyche that become manifest in non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC). Here belong, for example, experiences and observations from meditation and other forms of systematic spiritual practice, spontaneous mystical raptures, psychospiritual crises (‘spiritual emergencies’), psychedelic therapy, hypnosis, experiential psychotherapy, and near-death situations (NDE). (Boorstein, 1996, p. 44).

Abrief exploration of the transpersonal from the perspective of neurobiology mainly because clinicians and theorists from all areas of psychology and psychotherapy pursue an active interest in the advances being made in neurological research. Moreover, contemporary neuroscientists themselves, Solms and Turnbull (2002), are increasingly able to direct their neurological research towards subjective mental states such as consciousness. This means that the exploration of subjective experience now need not be restricted only to psychological and philosophical schools. This has been made possible by the increasing sophistication of neurobiological tests, which in turn have been made possible by the advent of sophisticated brain imaging technology and advances in the understanding of molecular neurobiology.

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Free Psychology Books: Person-Centred Counselling Psychology - An Introduction by Ewan Gillon

Person-Centred Counselling Psychology - An Introduction by Ewan Gillon

In the opinion of Dorothea Brandt, author of the famous Becoming a Writer (1981), all writing is autobiographical in one way or another. Hence this book may be seen to represent not only something about its topic, person-centred counselling psychology, but also something about me, as its author. Certainly, the focus of the book evolved from the disparate strands of my own career, firstly as an academic psychologist, then, as a person-centred counsellor, and now as a counselling psychologist. During the time I spent in these different professional domains, I grappled with many questions asking how each related to the other, and in particular, how the person-centred approach fitted within the field of contemporary psychology, a field which so often prioritises empirical methods and scientific expertise in trying to understand and attend to the human condition. Although, as a counselling psychologist I was well acquainted with difficulties in reconciling different world views, what I missed, even from within this setting, was a clear understanding of how the person-centred approach could be understood from a psychological point of view. 

The purpose of this book is to address this shortfall by providing a clear, thorough and up-to-date appraisal of the person-centred approach as a form of psychology. It offers an exploration of the history, theory, practice/s and context/s of person-centred therapy from a psychological perspective, and is written for readers who have an interest in the area of contemporary counselling psychology but who are perhaps less familiar with the complexity of person-centred concepts and methods, as well as the challenges these present and the opportunities they afford. Person-centred therapy is often misunderstood and simplified within contemporary psychology, a process that has had some very significant consequences over the years. Hence an added intention of the book is to touch upon the areas of the approach that are often ignored, misinterpreted, forgotten or neglected (e.g. its research tradition), and bring these back into focus. However, the book is not a historical narrative. Far too many developments have occurred within the personcentred framework in recent years to allow for this. 

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Free Psychology Books: Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley (2001) by R. A. Webster

Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley (2001) by R. A. Webster

Anaysis of Biological Function generally presumes that function at once level arises from the interactions of lower-level elements. It is often relatively straightforward to identify elements that may be involved and their individual interactions [............]

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Free Psychology Books: Emotion and Psychopatology by J. Rottenberg & S.L. Johnson

Emotion and Psychopatology by J. Rottenberg & S.L. Johnson

Despite the obvious benefits of bridging affective and clinical science,this synthesis has been slow to develop.Why? Synthesis across disciplines requires us not only to give up old habits of thought and training but also to develop new ones, with a shared conceptual framework and a common language as well as methodological paradigms.Synthesis is not a matter of snappingone's fingers; it is hardwork that requires persistence. It should also be kept in mind that emotion is a famously messy construct.Thus,synthesis,in the domain of emotion, has an extra degree of difficulty........

 
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Free Psychology Books: Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Treatment by Sarah H. & Lisanby M.D

Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Treatment by Sarah H. & Lisanby M.D 

In our scientific journals, there is an explosion of information about neuroscience and about the bidirectional nature of brain and behavior. The matter was previously debated as if one had to choose between two camps (mind versus brain), but a rapidly developing new paradigm is replacing this former dichotomy— that the brain influences behavior, and that the mind (ideas, emo-tions, hopes, aspirations, anxieties, fears, and the wide realm of real and perceived environmental experience) influences the brain. 

The term neuropsychiatryhas served as successor to the former term organic psychiatryand is contrasted with notions of psychodynamics, such as the concept of unconsciously motivated behavior. As our field evolves and matures, we are developing a new language for meaningful but imperfectly un-derstood earlier concepts. Subliminal cuesand indirect memoryare among the terms of our new language, but the emerging under-standing that experience itself can activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis, cellular growth, and neurogenesis is a ground-breaking new synthesis of concepts that previously seemed in-compatible. Among the remarkable conclusions that these new findings suggest is that psychotherapy can be construed as a biological treatment, in the sense that it has the potential to alter the cellular microanatomy of the brain.

In the context of this rapidly changing scientific and clinical landscape, we selected for the 2004 Review of Psychiatry four broad areas of attention: 1) research findings in developmental psychobiology, 2) current recommendations for neuropsychiatric assessment of patients, 3) new treatments in the form of brain stimulation techniques, and 4) the application of cognitive-behavior therapy as a component of treatment of patients with severely disabling psychiatric disorders. Perhaps the logical starting place in the 2004 series is Devel-opmental Psychobiology, edited by B. J. Casey. Derived from re-search that uses animal models and studies of early human development, this work summarizes the profound impact of early environmental events. Following a comprehensive over-view of the field by Casey, elegant studies of the developmental psychobiology of attachment are presented by Hofer, one of the pioneers in this work......

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Free Psychology Books: Psychiatric Illness in Women by Lewis-Hall et al.

Psychiatric Illness in Women by Lewis-Hall et al.

 

Anxiety is considered a normal coping response, and for a person without an anxiety disorder, it can provide a means of arousal in response to a possible dangerous or unfamiliar situation. Symptoms such as increased heart rate, nervousness, and tension are included in this heightened awareness, and this sharpened attentiveness can lead to a positive outcome to the situation, such as being astute during a job interview. In contrast, anxiety disorders have negative effects on individuals, which can keep them from being able to cope with everyday life because of intense arousal in inappropriate situations. This illness of the nervous system is the most common type of mental disorder, with 15%–20% of the human population having some type of anxiety disorder. Additionally, sex differences have been found among anxiety disorders, with most of these disorders being more prevalent in women than in men. In this part, the authors review sex differences in panic disorder and agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse disorder associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Although panic disorder with or without agoraphobia is more common in women than in men, the profile of symptoms does not differ between the sexes. A discussion of factors that affect women with panic disorder and comorbid psychiatric and medical disorders is presented within the first two chapters of this part. Included in this discussion are details about the effect of the reproductive life cycle, psychosocial variables, and treatment variables. The third chapter includes recent epidemiological studies showing that women are affected by posttraumatic stress disorder more than men are,.........

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Free Psychology Books: Phobia, Fears & Anxieties by Ronald, M. & P. Kahn

Phobia, Fears & Anxieties by Ronald, M. & P. Kahn

Phobias are common in the United States and throughout the world. An estimated 19.2 mil-lion adults over age 18 in the United States, or 9 percent of the population, have experienced spe-cific phobic reactions at some time in their lives.Phobic objects, people, or situations are extremely  variable, ranging from fear of large ferocious dogs,a phobia many people can understand, to other phobias that most people find baffling, such asfear of gravity, fear of developing a fever, or fear of strangers. In addition, about 15 million adults(6.8 percent of the population) in any given year suffer from social phobia, in which they avoid orfeel anxious about interacting with others. About1.8 million people (less than 1 percent of the adult population) have agoraphobia that is not associated with panic disorder. Agoraphobia is often characterized by individuals’ fear of leaving their homes or safe areas, lest something dire occur to them.Whatever the phobia, the individual’s life is often dominated by this intense fear, both at work(if the phobic person can work) and at home, and it often makes life extremely difficult for both the phobic person and family members. For example,the agoraphobic parent cannot attend parent-teacher meetings or travel comfortably with their family. The social phobic shuns social gatherings,even those honoring a beloved spouse, and may have difficulty writing checks in public. The indi-vidual with a specific phobia goes to great lengths........

 
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Free Psychology Books: Clinical Psychology - Timothy Trull

Clinical Psychology by Timothy Trull

What is a clinical psychologist? Although it seems as though we are inundated with real and fictional portrayals of clinical psychologists in the media, the general public remains rather confused about what psychologists do as well as their educational backgrounds. Perhaps this should not be too surprising given that clinical psychologists are a heterogeneous group with respect to age, gender, theoretical allegiance, and roles (Norcross, Karpiak, & Santoro, 2005). Equally confusing, there are many titles that people use to indicate that they practice therapy (e.g., psychotherapist, psychoanalyst) or conduct research related to psychology (e.g., professor, clinical scientist). However, not all of these titles indicate that someone is a clinical psychologist. Indeed, the American Psychological Association and the licensing boards of each North American state and province reserve the title “clinical psychologist” for a very select group of professionals with specific training and qualifications (described in more detail below). Still, the field of clinical psychology is confusing and often misunderstood. After all these years, people still confuse clinical psychologists with medical doctors/psychiatrists. Some continue to believe that clinical psychology is synonymous with psychoanalysis. Others see a bit of the witch doctor in clinical psychologists, and still others view them as somewhat peculiar. Fortunately, there are many who accurately regard clinical psychologists as researchers, members of prestigious professional societies, and providers of important human services.

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