Cognitive psychology a student’s Handbook
Visual perception is of enormous importance in our everyday lives. It allows us to move around freely, to see people with whom we are interacting, to read magazines and books, to admire the wonders of nature, and to watch fi lms and television. It is also enormously important because we depend on visual perception being accurate to ensure our survival. For example, if we misperceive how close cars are to us as we cross the road, the consequences could be fatal. Thus, it is no surprise that far more of the cortex (especially the occipital lobes) is devoted to vision than to any other sensory modality. We will start by considering what is meant by perception: “The acquisition and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, or feel objects in the world also guides an organism’s actions with respect to those objects” (Sekuler & Blake, 2002, p. 621). Visual perception seems so simple and effortless that we typically take it for granted. In fact, it is very complex, and numerous processes are involved in transforming and interpreting sensory information. Some of the complexities of visual perception became clear when researchers in artifi cial intelligence tried to program computers to “perceive” the environment. Even when the environment was artifi cially simplifi ed (e.g., consisting only of white solids) and the task was apparently easy (e.g., deciding how many objects were present), computers required very complicated programming to succeed.
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