Free Psychology Books: Social Anxiety and Social Phobia by C. Kearney

Social Anxiety and Social Phobia by C. Kearney

Trait theorists have long argued that human personalities can be distilled into several main factors or categories (e.g., Allport & Odbert, 1936), and some of these seem particularly relevant to social phobia. One trait in particular has been introversion. For example, Jung conceptualized humans as having several basic attitudes or predispositions to act in certain ways (Jung, 1921/1971). Introversion was one such attitude, and was characterized by aloofness, inhibition, and a focus toward inner experience and away from others. Conversely, extraversion was an attitude characterized by a need for social contact and attention and enthusiasm for cultivating friendships. The concept of introversion-extraversion was greatly expanded by Eysenck, who thought this dimension intersected with a second continuum: instability-stability (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1963) (see Figure 1.1). Like Jung, extraversion was characterized by a generally sociable and gregarious nature, but in Eysenck’s approach one that could range from restlessness, aggressiveness, anger, and impulsivity (unstable) to confidence,.....

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